价格修正“比2008年更严重”即将冲击美国房地产市场——分析师

价格修正“比2008年更严重”即将冲击美国房地产市场——分析师

2025-11-26Business
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雷总
晚上好 hanjf12,我是雷总,欢迎收听专为您打造的 Goose Pod。今天是11月27日,星期四,晚上10点08分。今晚我们来聊一个有点惊人的话题。
董小姐
是的,我是董小姐。我们要聊的是美国房地产市场,一位分析师发出了警告,说一场比2008年金融海啸还要猛烈的风暴可能正在酝酿之中。
雷总
没错,这位分析师叫 Melody Wright。她的预测非常大胆,她认为美国房价最快在明年就可能“腰斩”,也就是下跌50%左右。她强调,情况可能会比2008年那次“恶化得快得多”。
董小姐
“腰斩”这个词可不是闹着玩的,这背后是库存增加、需求萎缩的现实。而且,很多在疫情期间高价入市的投资者,现在可能发现自己被套牢了,这会引发连锁反应,导致他们抛售房产。
雷总
这让我想起了我们最近关注到的一些其他信号,比如美国劳动力市场也出现了麻烦。顶级投行瑞银就指出,裁员人数创了新高,而招聘却在放缓,这就像一个浴缸,出水口越来越大,进水口却变小了。
董小姐
完全正确。房地产、就业和利率,这三者是紧密联动的。当人们对工作前景感到不安,消费者信心自然会下降,谁还敢贷款买房呢?所以,这不仅仅是“负担能力危机”,更是“供应短缺”和“信心危机”的一场较量。
雷总
是的,Melody Wright 的核心观点是,房价最终会回调到与家庭收入中位数相匹配的水平。而要达到那个平衡点,就意味着一次剧烈的下跌。她甚至担心,当投资者大规模撤离时,谁来接盘?政府可能被迫成为“最后的买家”。
董小姐
而且,那些被投资者抛弃的房屋,状况可能堪忧。没人维护,没人打理,最后可能会迅速演变成混乱的局面。这确实是一个非常严峻的警告,要理解它的分量,我们必须回顾一下2008年到底发生了什么。
雷总
对,要理解为什么说“比2008年还糟”,我们得先快速“复盘”一下。2008年的危机,根源在于一个叫做“次级抵押贷款”的东西。简单说,就是银行把钱贷给了信用不够好的人去买房。
董小姐
这背后其实是一种短视的逐利行为。当时市场非常乐观,所有人都相信房价会一直涨。所以银行觉得,哪怕贷款人还不上钱,他们也能通过收回并卖掉升值的房子来赚钱,风险看起来很小。
雷总
是的,而且华尔街的金融“天才”们还进行了一项“创新”。他们把这些高风险的次级贷款和一些优质贷款打包在一起,做成一种叫做“抵押贷款支持证券”(MBS)的金融产品,卖给全世界的投资者。我用一个比喻,就像把一些快坏掉的水果和好水果混在一起榨成果汁,然后贴上“特级”标签出售。
董小姐
这个比喻很形象。他们甚至还给这些“果汁”买了保险,也就是信用违约互换(CDS)。评级机构也给了这些有毒资产很高的评级。结果就是,风险被层层包装,隐藏了起来,但并没有消失。整个金融体系都建立在房价永远上涨的假设上。
雷总
问题是,房价不可能永远上涨。从2006年开始,随着利率上升,房价开始下跌。那些当初拿到低“诱惑利率”贷款的房主,发现月供压力陡增,房子却在贬值,于是大规模的违约潮爆发了。多米诺骨牌的第一张倒下了。
董小姐
是的,当违约潮来临时,那些被打包的“金融产品”瞬间变成了垃圾。雷曼兄弟破产,贝尔斯登被收购,整个华尔街风声鹤唳。这场由房地产引发的危机,迅速蔓延成一场席卷全球的金融海啸,导致了严重的经济衰退。
雷总
我们看一个关键数据,在2006年泡沫顶峰时,美国中位数房价是家庭中位数收入的4.6倍。这意味着一个普通家庭要不吃不喝近五年才能买得起一套房子。这本身就是一个巨大的警示信号。
董小姐
而且,投资者在其中扮演了推波助澜的角色。研究显示,在房价暴涨和暴跌最严重的州,投资者几乎占了市场顶峰时期购房抵押贷款的一半。他们高杠杆入市,当市场逆转时,他们也是最先违约和抛售的群体。
雷总
所以,这就引出了一个核心的矛盾:今天的房地产市场问题,究竟是应该让市场自行调节,还是说这已经构成了“市场失灵”,需要政府出手干预?这是一个非常激烈的辩论。
董小姐
没错。一方观点认为,保障住房是基本人权,当市场无法为大多数人提供可负担的住房时,政府就必须介入。这不仅仅是经济问题,更是社会稳定问题。不能让房地产完全变成富人的游戏。
雷总
但另一方的观点也很有力。他们认为,市场的逻辑就是追逐利润。现在高端住宅市场需求旺盛,买家愿意为更好的社区、更好的配套设施支付溢价。开发商自然会把资源投入到这里,这是符合商业规律的。
董小姐
这种商业规律的后果是什么呢?就是入门级、经济型的房屋供给越来越少,普通家庭,特别是年轻人的“上车”门槛被无限抬高。这会加剧社会的贫富分化,长期来看对经济的健康发展是不利的。
雷总
是的,这种分歧体现了效率和公平之间的永恒矛盾。完全的市场化可能会导致资源最优配置,但忽略了社会公平。而过度的政府干预又可能扼杀市场的活力,导致效率低下。如何找到平衡点,是所有政策制定者面临的难题。
董小姐
而且,这种争论还体现在对未来的不同看法上。有人认为,现在多建一些高端住宅,长远来看,等这批人换房升级后,会释放出更多老旧但价格更低的二手房。但这需要很长的时间,远水解不了近渴。
雷总
无论如何,一旦危机爆发,其影响是毁灭性的。我们不能只看冰冷的经济数据,要看到背后活生生的人。2008年那次,超过800万个美国家庭失去了自己的家园。那不仅仅是资产清零,更是对家庭稳定和个人尊严的沉重打击。
董小姐
对,而且这是一个负向的螺旋。房价暴跌导致家庭财富严重缩水,人们不敢消费,而消费是拉动经济最重要的马车。消费一疲软,企业就会裁员,失业率上升,这反过来又加剧了还不起房贷的人数,形成恶性循环。
雷总
是的,研究表明,邻居的房屋被法拍,甚至会使周边房屋的价值也跟着下跌。这就像一种社区“瘟疫”。据估计,当时有多达9500万个家庭因为邻居的法拍而遭受了房屋净值的损失。没有人能独善其身。
董小姐
而且,这种冲击对不同族裔的影响也是不成比例的。例如,黑人家庭的房屋拥有率在那次危机后跌至了《公平住房法》颁布之前的水平,种族间的财富差距被进一步拉大。这道伤疤至今都未能完全愈合。
雷总
谈到未来,有趣的是,专家的看法出现了严重分歧。一方面,我们听到了 Melody Wright 这样“腰斩”的悲观预测。但另一方面,像全美房地产经纪人协会(NAR)这样的权威机构,却预测2026年房价不仅不会跌,还要上涨4%。
董小姐
这就是市场的复杂和迷人之处。看空的人看到了高利率、经济压力和历史泡沫的重演风险。而看多的人则抓住了另一个关键事实:美国正经历着历史性的住房短缺。供给不足,是支撑房价最坚实的理由。
雷总
确实,有数据显示,从2012年到2023年,美国的住房缺口几乎翻了一番,达到了820万套。只要这个根本矛盾没有解决,大规模、持续性的价格暴跌就缺少了最关键的基础。未来的走向,可能就是这两股力量的博弈。
雷总
所以,今天的讨论给我们留下了一个巨大的悬念。美国房地产市场正站在一个十字路口,它会重演2008年的危机,还是会在“供给短缺”的保护下,走出一条不同的道路?这是一个值得我们持续关注的问题。
董小姐
是的,但无论市场如何选择方向,它都深刻地影响着每一个普通人的生活和梦想。感谢您收听 Goose Pod。我们明天再见。

美国房地产市场面临严峻挑战。分析师警告可能出现比2008年更严重的风暴,房价或“腰斩”。高库存、需求萎缩及投资者被套是主因。劳动力市场放缓加剧了信心危机。尽管存在住房短缺支撑,但市场走向仍充满不确定性,影响深远。

Price correction “worse than 2008” coming to US housing market—analyst

Read original at Newsweek

The U.S. housing market is going to face a price correction “worse than 2008,” according to housing analyst Melody Wright, who expects home prices to drop in half as soon as next year.“I think…we’re going to correct all the way to a point where household median income matches the home price, the median home price.

And so that is going to be worse than 2008. This could devolve a lot faster than last time,” Wright said during an interview with Adam Taggart, host of Thoughtful Money, published on YouTube.What Is Happening in the Housing Market?Rising inventory and dwindling demand have brought down home prices in many U.

S. metropolitan areas this year, especially in those markets in the Sunbelt and the South which became overheated between 2020 and 2022. At the national level, the vertiginous price growth that characterized the pandemic years has also slowed to a grind, with the median sale price of a home in October only 1.

2 percent higher than a year ago, according to Redfin, at $439,701. According to a new report from Zillow, 53 percent of all U.S. homes lost value over the past 12 months—the most since 2012. While affordability has slightly improved, however, millions of Americans are still being kept on the sidelines of the housing market by higher home prices, property taxes, and home insurance premiums, as well as still-elevated borrowing costs.

Wright told Taggart that, while it is hard to say whether home prices at the national level have fallen this year, “you can definitely see the deceleration happening.”It has been a difficult year for the U.S. housing market. While price growth has stalled, home prices remain much higher than they were before the pandemic in much of the country.

In April, what Wright calls “the tariff terror” caused many buyers to have “cold feet” and delay home purchases while waiting to see what the impact of President Donald Trump’s policies would be on the U.S. economy.The only transactions that continued happening in the U.S. market at volume this spring and summer, she said, were for higher-priced homes.

“You have this bifurcated housing market, but the majority of folks transacting are in these upper tiers, so your median [home price] is going to be higher,” Wright said.“However, what I’ve been seeing over the last three months, and this is—I get into the dirty dirty details—underneath the covers, that $100,000-$250,000 sales price, we are starting to see incremental increases in sales in that category,” she added.

“And so as it continues, it will start to drag the median down. It’s happening already and that’s where we’re seeing the deceleration,” Wright said, adding that we are going to end the year with “flat” home price growth.Steeper cuts will come later, she warned. “It’s going to be worse,” she said, when asked to make a prediction about 2026.

What Does Wright Expect To Happen Next Year?Wright is expecting a big drop in home prices next year, as investors who are not making money from their properties withdraw from the market.“What happened last time was, we were on our way down to where household median income would actually match home median prices, but we never got there because Wall Street came in to buy those [homes],” Wright said.

“But now they’re crying on TV,” she said, adding that some investors are claiming they were asked by government-backed mortgage agencies to intervene and purchase those properties. “They’re going to start crying a lot louder soon and say, ‘Hey, we saved you, government.’ And so, who’s the buyer now?

” Wright said she fears the government might be forced to step in as "the buyer of last resort."Another fear Wright has is about the quality of the homes that investors are likely going to be leaving behind. “In the last cycle, remember how many all-cash buyers we’ve had? When these are not on a bank’s balance sheet, there’s nobody that’s going to be cutting the grass, there’s nobody that’s going to be winterizing that home, taking care of the mold problem,” she added.

“And so I think we could see this kind of devolve into chaos a lot faster than we did last time as many investors abandon these properties.”Wright then said that next year home prices might correct to the point where they match the median household income. In 2024, according to data from the U.S. Census, that median was $83,730.

That is going to be a price decline “near your 50 percent,” she said. “And much greater in certain areas.”

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